Hyponym

Hypernym and hyponym

Hypernym is A linguistic term for a word whose meaning includes the meanings of other words. in other word. Meanwhile hyponym is In linguistics, a specific term used to designate a member of a class. In other word hypernyms are general words and hyponyms are subdivisions of more general words. it means, It describes what happens when we say 'An X is a kind of Y'—An eagle is a kind of bird, or simply, An eagle is a bird."

examples :

1. Fish (hypernym) = lion fish, nemo, cichilds (hyponym)

2. Color (hypernym)= red, white, black, pink (hyponym)

3. Vegetable (hypernym)= watercress, lettuce, broccoli, green bean (hyponym)

4. Fruit (hypernym) = orange, apple, watermelon, grape (hyponym)

5. Subject lesson (hypernym) = mathematic, English, chemistry

Hyponyms is the word the meaning of which may be said to be included in that of another word.

For example:

-Rose is a hyponym of flower

-Spinster is a hyponym of woman

Hyponym is transitive. Potato is a kind of vegetables, and vegetable is a kind of plant. Potato is

also a hyponym of plants as we can say potato is a kind of plant. If A is a hyponym of B, then A is a kind of.
http://ekarisqilatul.blogspot.co.id/2013/11/synonym-antonym-hypernym-hyponym-homonym_9.html

synonym and antonym

Synonyms

Synonyms are words that have the same or very similar meaning. All words can have a synonym. Nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and prepositions can have a synonym as long as both words are the same part of speech.

Examples of Synonyms:

Adjectives: beautiful, lovely, gorgeous, stunning, striking

Nouns: House, home, dwelling, residence, abode, quarters

Verbs: jump, bound, leap, hop, skip

Prepositions: in, inside, within

Antonyms are words that have opposite meanings. For example, the antonym of long is short. Often words will have more than one antonym but as with synonyms it depends on the context.

For instance, the word warm could have the antonym cool or chilly. In order to choose the correct antonym, you have to look at all the meanings and how the word is used. Cool can mean stylish as well as chilly so the word cool may not be the best choice.

Types of Antonyms

1. Graded antonyms are word pairs that have variations between the two opposites.

For example, big and little are antonyms but there are a lot of changes before you get to the opposite meaning. Like this: Big, huge, bulky, full-size, slight, petite, little.

Other examples are:

a. Sane and crazy

b. Rich and poor

c. Cool and hot

d. Wet and dry

e. Late and early

f. Ignorant and educated

2. Relational antonyms are pairs that have a relationship. Each word wouldn’t exist without the other. There can’t be a parent without a child or it’s either all or nothing. Other examples include:

a. Servant and master

b. Borrow and lend

c. Come and go

d. Toward and away

e. Divisor and dividend

f. Parent and child

3. Complimentary antonyms are word pairs that have no degree of meaning. There are only two opposite possibilities. Example :

a. Leave and arrive

b. Pre and post

c. Question and answer

d. Single and married

e. Hired and fired

f. Brother and sister

g. Before and after

4. Adding a Prefix

Sometimes, an antonym can be easily made by adding a prefix. Examples of antonyms that were made by adding the prefix “un” are:

a. Likely and unlike

b. Able and unable

By adding the prefix “non” you can make these pairs:

a. Entity and nonentity

b. Conformist and nonconformist

Lastly, adding the prefix “in” can make the following pairs:

a. Tolerant and intolerant

b. Decent and indecent

c. Discreet and indiscreet

d. Excusable and inexcusable

REFERENCE

http://ekarisqilatul.blogspot.co.id/2013/11/synonym-antonym-hypernym-hyponym-homonym_9.html

Simile

Simile compares two unlike object that are regarded similar or almost similar. It expresses a similarity. The object which are compared have to be different kind. Simile is usually indicated by using words like or as. The following examples is regarded as simile: 1. Your eyes like the star 2. John swims like a fish 3. Peter is as brave as lion In the first expression, it compares the eyes with the star. It does not mean that your eyes like a star but it means that your eyes are so beautiful. In the second expression, shows the ability of John in swimming is compared with a fish. Fish is an animal that lives ib the water and uses fins and tail for swimming. It can swimm well. So, the expression above means John can swim well. In the third expression, Peter’s bravery is compared with a lion. Lion is a strong animal that lives inthe jungle. So, the expression above means Peter is very brave.

metaphor

A metaphor is used to liken an object, person, or situation to another that may be completely unlike the former, but has one similar quality. Though there may be no obvious relation say between an owl and a human being, a metaphor creates this relation by connecting the two with one similar quality, i.e. the ability to stay awake at night. As such, a person who can stay awake through the night is called an owl. Reference http://www.buzzle.com/articles/metonymy-vs-metaphor.html

Free Morphemes and Bound Morphemes Morphemes that can stand alone to function as words are called free morphemes. They comprise simple words (i.e. words made up of one free morpheme) and compound words (i.e. words made up of two free morphemes). Examples: Simple words: the, run, on, well There is combination with affixxation at the word are called bound morphemes. There is combination with affixation at the word, like suffix and prefix. Examples: pre-, dis-, in-, un-, -ful, -able, -ment, -ly, -ise pretest, discontent, intolerable, receive references http://vlearn.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/wordformation/internalstructure/freemorphemes/

Allomorph and zero allomorph

Ambiguity